How to Price Fractional CFO Services (9 Examples)

There is a trend among American businesses towards more contractor hiring and less employee hiring, which is creating increasing demand for outsourced finance services ranging from basic bookkeeping to investor financial report preparation.

To satisfy this demand, some companies have packaged various combinations of bookkeeping, tax preparation, financial forecasting, pricing strategy optimization, expense management, payroll management, financial statement preparation, and fundraising assistance as bundled service offerings labeled as “fractional CFO services” or “virtual CFO services”. These can be high-margin offerings, and the market for them is highly fragmented which means there is an opportunity for almost anyone to start a business that provides them.

In this article, I’m going to break down the packages and prices of nine different fractional CFO service providers. Use these as reference points when deciding what niche of businesses to target as customers for your own fractional CFO business and how to package and price your services for them.

1. airCFO

AirCFO is probably the most well known brand in the fractional CFO market. Here’s a screenshot of the airCFO landing page which shows how the company is communicating with its target customers (VC-backed startups).

Nothing fancy — just fulfilling your accounting and tax needs. Here are the packages airCFO offers:

	Target Customer	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Launchpad Package	– Funded startups – Raised less than $2 million – Monthly expenses less than $50k	$1,563	Accounting – Month-end close management – Investor reporting by Day 25 – Async email support People Ops – Payroll management – Payroll compliance guidance – Async email support Tax – 1 Federal return – 1 State return – Year-end meeting
Launch Package	– Funded startups – Raised $2-10 million – Monthly expenses of $50-200k	$4,367	Everything in Launchpad, plus: Accounting – Month-end reporting package – AP & vendor management support – Balance sheet schedule maintenance – Annual controller review & “lite” systems diagnostics Finance – 6 hours of advisory support from a dedicated finance expert each month – Monthly model update and executive summary – Monthly check-in call – Help with quarterly board meeting prep – Annual budget build – Help with key metric tracking setup Tax – Return walkthrough – Estimates based on extension calc People Ops – 10 hours of advisory & support from a dedicated People expert, including: * Federal & multi-state compliance advisory * Onboarding & offboarding support & administration * Basic benefit system administration * People policy and procedure guidance
Iterate Package	– Raised $10-30 million – Monthly expenses of $200-400k	$6,883	Everything in Launch, plus: Finance – Monthly model update & deep-dive analysis – Biweekly check-in call – Ongoing investor relations support – Budget-setting support and budget vs actuals tracking – Detailed cashflow projections – Metric benchmarking – Scenario planning People Ops – 20 hours of advisory and support from a dedicated People expert (total, not in addition to 10 Launchpad hours), including: * Performance management advisory * Annual engagement survey & advisory Tax – Common federal forms: 4562, 1125E, Pg 1 of M-3, and 6765 – 3 state/city returns (total, not in addition to the 1 in Launchpad) – Mid-year advisory meeting – Up to 5 hours of tax advisory/research support/ad-hoc projections
Scale Package	– Raised more than $30 million – Monthly expenses over $400k	Custom	Custom

AirCFO says that most of their clients have raised at least $1 million or are generating over $500k in annual revenue.

airCFO packages

2. Paro

Paro advertises by emphasizing the experience of its “carefully vetted” CFOs and the big names of the clients that trust Paro (e.g. JPMorgan, FedEx, Morgan Stanley, the Harvard Business School, General Electric, etc). Those names are plastered on its landing page. The company does not provide a single, clear value proposition on its landing page, instead opting for a list of 12 different types of CFO services that it offers.

Types of CFO & Strategic Advisory Services	Description
Buy-Side M&A	– Analysis of the industry, competitive landscape and company positioning – Identify targets with operations, product lines, service offerings, and geographical footprints to complement the current business
Investor Relations	– Tasks related to meeting investors, managing investor communications, and maintaining investor relations – Tight coordination with executive team as well as the accounting and legal departments
Go-To-Market Plan	– Assessment of existing financial strategies, plans for new product launches, and market – May include the development of new plans including marketing & sales strategy, budget creation and financial forecasts
Business Valuation	– Integrated income statement, cash flow and balance sheet projections and valuation model – Macro, operational and valuation framework scenario analysis
Market Research	– Analysis of the Total Addressable Market, assessments of demographics, and the competitive landscape and company positioning – Identify and recommend target markets that align with the companies strategic advantages and priorities
Roadmap & Planning	– Data collection, analysis and identification of long-term business goals and objectives – Development of a plan outlining goals, milestones and objectives over a set timeline
Systems Assessment	– Document and assess current-state finance and accounting systems – Identify the biggest risks as well as the largest opportunities for improvement
Process Assessment	– Document and assess current-state finance and accounting processes as well as identification of the biggest risks and largest opportunities for improvement
Employee Benefits	– Apply financial insight and rigor to benefits strategy – Negotiate with benefits vendors and forecast financial implications
Raising Debt	– Financial modeling to support a debt fund or bank to lend money – May include 3-5+ years of projects and KPI modeling to demonstrate satisfaction of repayment obligations
Fundraising Guidance	– Leadership and skills required to support specific fundraising goals, including but not limited to pitch deck development and supporting investor due diligence
Exit Strategy	– Support in identifying exit goals and timelines – Identification of optimum financial and leadership conditions necessary to maximize exit value

3. Pilot

Pilot targets three types of companies to be its customers:

Startups
Consumer goods & retail companies
Professional services companies (e.g. consulting firms)

And it targets these prospective customers with a simple value proposition:

“We’re the last accounting firm you’ll ever need to hire.”

Pilot can also help startups claim R&D tax credits and provide financial models in support of 409A valuations.

	Target Customer	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Bookkeeping Core Package	– Startups – Pre-revenue – Monthly expenses under $15k	$499 $699 after first year	– Accrual basis bookkeeping – P&L, balance sheet, and cash flow statements (monthly) – Burn rate calculations
Bookkeeping Plus Package	– Startups – Revenue-generating	Custom (but starts at $1,500)	Everything in the Core Package, plus more (based on customer revenue model, inventory volume, and entity structure)
Basic CFO Package	Startups	$2,925 (billed annually)	– Fully customized financial model including P&L, balance sheet, and cash flow – Budget vs actuals tracking – Headcount & compensation plan – Scenario planning (base case, bear case, bull case) – Industry-specific KPI dashboard – CFO analyzes business performance and extracts key insights
Essential CFO Package	Startups	$4,725 (billed annually)	Everything from the Basic CFO Package, plus: – CFO initiates strategic projects to catalyze growth
High Touch CFO Package	Startups	$6,750 (billed annually)	Everything from the Essential CFO Package, plus: – CFO deeply integrates with your team to lead data-driven strategies

Pilot Bookkeeping Pricing

4. Orba Cloud CFO Services

Orba offers virtual CFO services to ecommerce businesses, real estate investors, SaaS companies, cannabis companies, and nonprofits.

	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Monthly Package	$500	– Bookkeeping (code & reconcile transactions) – Accrual basis accounting – Monthly financials – Codefine and monitor KPIs – Coordinate external audit and tax work with your CPA as needed
Core Package	$2,500	Everything in Monthly, plus: – Weekly check-in – Invoicing & collections – Bill pay – Payroll – Annual 1099s – Identify growth drivers
Awesome CFO (Core Add-On) Package	$4,000	Everything in Core, plus: – KPI & Metric analysis – Budget & cash flow forecast – Strategic growth recommendations

Tax work is NOT included in any of Orba’s CFO packages.

ORBA Pricing & Packages

5. Xendoo

	Target Customer	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Essential Bookkeeping Package	– Monthly expenses up to $50k	$395	– Weekly bookkeeping for up to 4 bank/credit card accounts – Cash basis – 1 integration
Growth Bookkeeping Package	– Monthly expenses up to $75k	$695	Everything in Essential, plus: – Up to 6 bank/credit card accounts – Cash or modified accrual basis – Semi-annual tax consult – 2 integrations
Scale Bookkeeping Package	– Monthly expenses up to $125k	$995	Everything in Essential & Growth, plus: – Up to 12 bank/credit card accounts – Custom chart of accounts – Bi-weekly calls – Up to 4 integrations
Tax Guidance plus Annual & State Tax Return (Bookkeeping Add-On)	Any business	$100	– Year-round tax support – Year-end financial package
Fractional CFO Package	Fast-growing, early-stage startups	$1,500 (many services are not included)	– Revenue forecasting – Cash flow management – Employee expenses and headcount planning – Annual and monthly budgets – Build custom financial strategies – Full stack financial management (end to end for your business) – Financial modeling – Burn rate and runway calculations – Pricing and cost analysis – Fundraising pitch preparation, investor decks, and business plans – Fundraising strategy *Many of the services above are not included in the base monthly fee

Xendoo Fractional CFO Services

6. VCFO

VCFO is a virtual CFO services, recruiting, and HR services company. Across those categories of services, VCFO has over 5,000 past and present client companies. However, the company is not licensed as a CPA firm in any jurisdiction.

Value proposition:

Get expert help with fundraising (e.g. through refining your pricing strategy, preparing financial forecasts, and producing investor-friendly records)

VCFO does not provide transparent pricing, however. You have to request a consultation in order to get pricing information.

7. InDinero

	Target Customer	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Essential Package	– Early-stage startups	$750 *Only a “starting at” price	– Monthly reconciliations – Employee reimbursements – Inventory reconciliation – Payroll support – P&L and balance sheet reporting – Cash flow statement and forecast – Support of Quickbooks Online or Netsuite – Handling of multiple entities and consolidation – Board reports + presentations – Financial projections + models – Business analytics + KPIs Integrations with: – Quickbooks – Netsuite – Gusto – Bill.com – Stripe
Growth Package	– Established companies looking to grow their business	$1,250 *Only a “starting at” price	Everything in the Essential Package, plus: – Strategic finance consulting – International parent/subsidiary management – Exit planning – Budgeting + cash management – Capital raise help – Venture debt financing help – Equity management
Custom Package	– Dynamic companies with complex needs	Custom	Custom

InDinero offers bill pay and expense management in collaboration with Bill.com and Expensify (extra charges may apply).

InDinero Pricing & Packages

8. Michigan CFO Associates

Michigan CFO Associates targets Midwest small to medium businesses as customers, rather than fast-growing startups. Many customers are moderately established manufacturing companies with less than $50 million in sales.

	Target Customer	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Level 1 Package	Businesses with less than 10 people	$2,100	– One day a month check up – CFO will set up, measure, and record KPIs – Analyze KPIs and profit points to identify growth opportunities – Create financial models to forecast likely outcomes & present alternatives for growth – Modeling new sales strategies and product offerings to draw in reliable income streams – Budgeting revision to help you adjust your spending to maximize returns and minimize costs
Level 2 Package	Small but growing companies	$3,200	Same as Level 1, with: – Twice a month check up
Level 3 Package *Most common level of engagement	not revealed	$6,300	Same as Level 2, with: – Weekly CFO support
Level 4 Package	not revealed	$11,500	Same as Level 3, with: – Twice weekly meetings when needed (otherwise weekly)

9. Oak Business Consultant

Oak Business Consultant serves a variety of industries including:

Farms
Car dealerships & repair shops
Construction / contractor companies
SaaS companies
Insurance brokerages
Landscaping companies
Wholesalers
Property management companies
Restaurants
Bars
Telecom companies
Consulting firms
Hotels
Financial service companies
Government agencies
Manufacturing companies
Retailers
Salons
Medical & dental offices
Nonprofits

Here are the packages it Oak offers:

	Base Monthly Price	Package Structure
Basic Bookkeeping Package	$450	– Up to 700 transactions per month – Managing accounts receivable and payable – Payroll processing – Inventory management – Financial statement preparation (balance sheets, cash flow statements, and stockholders’ equity statements)
Advanced Bookkeeping Package	$950	Everything in Basic, plus: – Up to 1200 transactions per month
Comprehensive Bookkeeping Package	$1,350	Everything in Advanced, plus unlimited transactions
Virtual CFO Package	Custom	Custom (with a focus on activities that help with fundraising)

How California’s Climate Hypocrisy Created an Insurance Crisis

State Farm and Farmer’s (the largest and second largest property insurance companies in California) have stopped selling new home insurance policies in the state. And Allstate (the fourth largest property insurance company in California) has limited the number of new home insurance customers it will accept in California. To understand why this is happening, we need to go back in time 17 years.

In 2006, California state lawmakers passed the Global Warming Solutions Act which starts off by stating that “global warming poses a serious threat to the economic well-being, public health, natural resources, and environment of California” with potential adverse impacts that include hotter, drier summers.

Lawmakers used that assessment to justify imposing various fees and taxes on greenhouse gas emitters, but, simultaneously, they kept it illegal for home insurance companies to use climate change models when setting prices for premiums. Instead, insurance carriers that write policies which cover catastrophic fire damage are required to set their prices using a “multi-year, long-term average of catastrophic claims [over] at least 20 years.” They CANNOT base prices on computer climate models that estimate forward-looking wildfire risk.

That’s problematic because the climate *is* changing, as evidenced by the steadily increasing number of acres burned by wildfires in the U.S. each year. The number of acres burned by wildfire each year nowadays is roughly 3-4 times what it was in the 1980s.

To visualize just how big the gap is between reality and the California Insurance Code, the plot below shows the total (cumulative) acres of U.S. federal wilderness land which have burned in wildfires since the start of 2002 (blue line), and compares it against what the total acres burned should have been if reality matched the 20-year historical moving average that catastrophic insurance prices are required to use (red line).

The blue line above the red line means that wildfires are affecting tens of millions of acres above what would be expected from a historical 20-year average. And that’s just land area. What we really care about is money.

Over two decades of cumulative underwriting profit were wiped out in 2017 and 2018 due in large part to a series of massively destructive fires, including:

December 2017: Thomas Fire (1,063 structures destroyed, over $2.2 billion in property damage, and over $171 million of losses to the agriculture industry)
July 2018: Carr Fire (1,604 structures destroyed and more than $1.5 billion in property damage)
July 2018: Mendocino Complex Fire (280 structures destroyed with over $250 million in total fire-related costs)
November 2018: Camp Fire (18,804 structures destroyed with over $16.5 billion in property damage)

And that doesn’t even include the most recent data from 2020 and 2021 which had even more intense fire seasons.

August 2020: August Complex Fire (935 structures destroyed)
August 2020: SCU Lightning Complex Fire (222 structures destroyed)
August 2020: LNU Lightning Complex Fire (1,491 structures destroyed)
August 2020: North Complex Fire (2,455 structures destroyed)
September 2020: Creek Fire (856 structures destroyed)
July 2021: River Complex Fire (122 structures destroyed)
July 2021: Dixie Fire (1,329 structures destroyed and over $1.15 billion in property damage)

State Farm alone recorded an underwriting loss of $13.2 billion in 2022. And yet California’s lawmakers and insurance regulators claim no responsibility for the company pulling out of the state:

“The factors driving State Farm’s decision [to stop writing new policies in California] are beyond our control, including climate change…”
California Department of Insurance statement

You heard that, right? The California Department of Insurance knows that climate change is massively increasing wildfire risk, yet they won’t let insurance carriers price in that risk. It’s ironic, actually. California has one of the highest exposures to increasing climate change risk of any state due to its size and geography, but the California insurance commissioner has barely approved any rate increases in the last decade.

State	Average Homeowner’s Insurance Premium in 2010	Average Homeowner’s Insurance Premium in 2018	8-Year Change
Louisiana	$1546	$1987	28.5%
Florida	$1544	$1960	26.9%
Texas	$1560	$1955	25.3%
Colorado	$926	$1616	74.5%
California	$939	$1073	14.3%
United States	$909	$1249	37.4%

Source: Insurance Information Institute

As you can see from the table above, the average homeowner’s insurance premium in the U.S. went up by 37.4%, but the average homeowner’s insurance premium in California went up by only 14.3% — about 2.5 times less!

The immediate solution to the insurance crisis is simple, and it’s a solution that the banking industry already adopted years ago in response to the financial crisis: Forward-looking risk estimates.

Like the insurance industry, the banking industry used to estimate credit risk based on historical data. However, after the financial crisis, bank regulators started to think that perhaps banks should be a bit more forward looking in how they estimate credit risk. Bank regulators eventually mandated a new framework called CECL, which stands for Current Expected Credit Losses. CECL is the amount of money a bank expects to lose based not only on historical data but also on future projections that account for possible changes in macroeconomic conditions.

The insurance industry needs something analogous: CEPL (Current Expected Property Losses). California’s insurance regulators need to pass new rules that allow property insurance carriers to set the price of premiums based on forward-looking current expectations of future property losses which might differ from historical trends based on changing climate conditions.

P.S. If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to my free email newsletter to get more like it, and subscribe to my Youtube channel where I cover related topics.

References

[1] State Farm statement that it won’t accept any new business or personal property insurance applications starting May 27, 2023

[2] The Nature Conservancy & UC Santa Barbara: Long-term trends in wildfire damages in California

[3] Ecology Law Quarterly: California’s ban on climate-informed models for wildfire insurance premiums

[4] California Insurance Code

[5] California Code of Regulations Title 10, Section 2644.4 — Projected Losses

[6] California Code of Regulations Title 10, Section 2644.5 — Catastrophe Adjustment

“In those insurance lines and coverages where catastrophes occur, the catastrophic losses of any one accident year in the recorded period are replaced by a loading based on a multi-year, long-term average of catastrophe claims. The number of years over which the average shall be calculated shall be at least 20 years for homeowners multiple peril fire…”

[7] California Code of Regulations Title 10, Section 2644.6 — Loss Development

“Loss development” is the process by which reported losses are adjusted for anticipated payout patterns. However, loss development data excludes catastrophes.

[8] California Code of Regulations Title 10, Section 2644.6 — Loss and Premium Trend

California regulations define the terms “loss trend” and “premium trend” both refer to the process by which forces not reflected in historical loss and premium data are expected to affect losses and premiums in the rating period. However, that is a deceptive definition because the “trend” is legally required to exclude catastrophes. So, for example, an increasing frequency of catastrophes due to climate change would not be detected by any “loss trend” or “premium trend”.

[9] California Code of Regulations Title 10, Article 4 – Determination of Reasonable Rates

[10] Biggest insurance companies in California

[11] Property & Casualty Insurance Industry – NAIC 2021 Full Year Report

23 Startup Ideas that Use Apple’s Vision Pro AR Headset

Apple announced its Vision Pro augmented reality (AR) headset today. It’s supposed to be available in 6-9 months, but clever entrepreneurs should start thinking NOW about what kinds of products and businesses they can create to take advantage of this technological inflection point. And make no mistake, this headset is a BIG DEAL. It will kill a lot of existing apps and websites and leave an opening for innovators to replace them. So, in this article, I describe 23 different startup business ideas that you can run with in order to profit from Apple’s new AR platform.

1. Flip Cup App

“Flip Cup Free” was a popular app back in 2010 when the iPhone was still new. An augmented reality version of flip cup would probably be even more popular.

2. ThriftingID

Thrifting (for fun and profit) is an increasingly popular hobby in the U.S. The antique and thrift store industry generates tens of billions of dollars in revenue annually, and eBay alone facilitated $74 billion in total transactions in 2022.

Create an app that allows a user to touch or point to objects in a thrift store and then use GPT-4 and Langchain to identify the item and pull up the prices for the 3-5 closest comps from eBay and/or Facebook marketplace.

3. Sous-chef

How many times have you found a delicious-looking recipe on Google only to have your own attempt result in a slightly burned entree that doesn’t look or smell quite as you expected? If you’re anything like me and tens of millions of other Americans, quite often!

Create an app that doesn’t just give you a recipe but actually guides you through it. The Vision Pro headset has tons of cameras in different positions so it will be possible to use something like OpenAI’s GPT-4 to analyze images of your food as you prepare it and provide you with live feedback as needed. For example, “chop that onion a bit smaller” or “you can be a bit more vigorous with your stirring of that soup”.

4. Tour Guide Development Agency

Whether you already run a software development agency or you just know how to code, you could go to state parks, national parks, and historic monuments and pitch them on creating custom augmented reality tour apps for them.

5. Poker

Play virtual poker with your friends using augmented reality and an empty kitchen or coffee table. Poker was one of the first apps on the original iPhone app store so there is good reason to believe this would be a success. Even if Apple includes a Poker app when the headset first ships, you could probably still create a profitable variant that generates $1 million or more in profit within a couple months if you create a more specific niche version of the app (such as a Texas Holdem app).

6. Level

Not sure if your picture is hanging level on the wall? Just use the augmented reality “level” app that uses the numerous cameras on the Vision Pro headset to calculate and visualize the angle at which your frame is hanging and how much (if at all) it deviates from being level.

7. Daily Prank Social App

Create an app that allows you to send requests to your friends who also have Vision Pro headsets. If the friend accepts, then each of you can leave one augmented reality virtual “poop” hidden somewhere in the other person’s house each day for them to discover at an unexpecting moment. It’s all the fun of the 💩 emoji, but even better because it’s 3D!

8. Fish Tank

Is your apartment boring? Turn one of your walls into a virtual fish tank. You can even choose the type and number of fish in your tank and give them names. Based on the early popularity of the “Koi Pond” app in 2009, I think this would probably be a big hit.

9. Green Thumb

Create an app that uses GPT-4 together with augmented reality to teach anyone to garden. The app can identity each plant, recognize whether it needs more or less water (or other nutrients), and give the user instructions on anything that they should do for the plant.

Gardening is a hugely popular hobby, and there are millions of wannabe gardeners who currently feel they lack a green enough thumb to actually succeed at gardening. So the market opportunity is huge. You could even tie the system into an ordering system so that, for example, if a plant needs more nitrogen, the app could recognize that fact, tell the user, ask the user if they would like to place an order for a recommended nitrogen-enriched soil supplement, and then place the order if the user agrees.

10. Wallpaper app

This is sort of like the virtual fish tank app I suggested earlier, but it just lets you redecorate your apartment or house with any type of wallpaper or paint that you want.

11. Catacomb Courier

Endless runner games like Subway Surfers and Temple Run were popular 10 years ago, and they are still popular today. Create an augmented reality version of an endless runner game (such as a courier running through underground catacombs) with the runner’s left-right and up-down motions determined by hand swipes/gestures which are recognized by the headset’s cameras.

12. Healthy Doggo

Create an AR app that identifies whether or not your pet dog appears to have any issues. For example, are they limping with a likely back left foot injury? Are their nails too long? Is the dog rolling around trying to itch its back (a possible sign of fleas)?

The app could be monetized like Google Maps is, through sponsored recommendations to local businesses (in this case, groomers and veterinarians). The app could also be a paid app (e.g. a $1 monthly subscription) or it could even be used as a free lead generator for selling pet insurance.

13. Piano Teacher

Create an AR app that highlights keys (and possibly also displays sheet music at the same time) to teach people how to play songs on the piano.

14. Drum Teacher

This would be essentially the same thing as the piano teacher app but for drums.

15. Kajabi but for AR

If you aren’t familiar with it already, Kajabi is an online platform that lets people create online courses. But every cooking course, flyfish lure-making course, carpentry course, piano course, and other online course teaching a physical activity would arguably be better with augmented reality. So, create a Kajabi competitor that lets people record videos and sequences of steps while wearing the Vision Pro headset and have that turned into an AR online course.

16. AI & AR Assisted Painting

Create an app that uses something like GPT-4 and Midjourney to create line sketches that you can then trace and fill in to create awesome paintings.

17. Lie Detector

Four years ago when I was still a grad student at Duke, I got to play with an app that a research team working with Microsoft’s AR headset had created. The app used the headset’s sensors to detect and amplify minute color changes in someone’s face every time their heart beat. The result was that when you put on the headset and started the app, you would see someone’s face flashing red at the rate of the heart, and a small number in the corner would display their numerical heart rate. It was an awesome app that would have been incredibly useful when playing poker or negotiating a high stakes business deal.

Create the consumer version of this app for the Vision Pro. Detect heart rate, breathing rate, and micro-expressions, and use that data to estimate whether someone is lying or not. Even just as a novelty, I think this would be an extremely popular app that could easily make someone a millionaire.

18. Virtual Pets

Create an app that lets people choose and create virtual pets. Want a Shiba Inu? You can get one for just $5. It’s personality will be AI-generated, and it will be displayed in AR, doing dog things, whenever you put on your Apple headset.

Virtual pets breed successes in each age of the internet. The original internet boom in the 90s had Pokemon. When the mobile phone came out, we got Touch Pets. With the crypto boom, we got Crypto Kitties. And you can be sure there will be at LEAST one multi-million dollar virtual pet app for Apple’s new AR headset. You could be the one that creates it!

19. Tire Changer

Create a Vision Pro + GPT-4 app that guides someone through how to change a tire on any car. Once successful, you could expand the app’s capability to also help people change their brakes and diagnose and solve any other mechanical or electrical issue with their car. Or, for those people who don’t want to do car work themselves, the app could simply be a second opinion to make sure the mechanic giving you a quote isn’t blowing smoke.

20. 3D Website Design Agency

Augmented reality headsets enable a completely different form of website to exist. A web page no longer has to be constrained to a 2-dimensional screen. Instead, it can have display elements, widgets, and controls that are 3 dimensional. There are currently ZERO software developers with the skillset to create such websites, which means you are as well positioned as anyone else to start thinking about and learning how to design such websites.

Start writing a book now on how to design 3D websites so that when the headset actually ships, you can be “The Guy” that companies go to when they need to hire a consultant or agency to help them produce a 3D AR app or website.

21. Public Fashion

Create an augmented reality app that is part social network. When anyone with the Public Fashion app is wearing their headset and sees another person with the app, the second person appears to be wearing whatever virtual accessories they chose. Virtual accessories might be shirts, hats, necklaces, watches, or anything else. You might even consider making each accessory an NFT to get the metaverse cryptobros hyped up to use your app.

22. Holodeck-Like Roll-Playing Games

If you’ve ever watched Star Trek, you probably know what the holodeck is. It’s essentially an immersive augmented reality video game played in a lasertag-like arena with other in-person players. You could essentially create that with the help of the Apple Vision Pro headset.

Here’s how it would work. You would create something like a movie set, e.g. like a pioneer village or an old western town. You would create something like a mission-oriented video game or branching movie script with characters and plot events that would tend to push game players to one of several final, predetermined outcomes. A group of 2-6 people would all come to this venue, don the Vision Pro headsets you provided, and then enter the game. The stage is real, remember. At least, it’s partly real. There are real, fake buildings. The weather and NPCs will be AI generated and then projected into the game through augmented reality. And you might even throw in a few real employees (dressed up) into the game so that some NPCs can interact physically with the players.

This would be an expensive but very cool type of experience. The only place you’d want to create this any time soon would be in the bay area where there are a lot of rich geeks.

23. Girlfriend

Create an app that lets you create a virtual AI-powered girlfriend that you can visualize and talk to anywhere you go. For example, you could create a 5 foot 2, blonde-haired, blue-eyed girlfriend that likes to read and play board games. And then you can see and talk to her and play AI board games with her.

Is it weird? Yes. Is it an inevitable and profitable idea? Also yes. I mean, just think about it. Once you get a user who create their custom AI girlfriend inside your app, they are NEVER going to stop paying for the subscription.

Subscribe to my free email newsletter to learn about more business opportunities MONTHS before your competitors.

Bad Mic Settings Ruined a 1-Hour Podcast. AI Saved It.

I fucked up my podcast yesterday.

I accidentally recorded an entire 1-hour podcast with my mic gain turned WAY up.

Here’s a clip of the original audio (It’s awful): Soundcloud Clip

I desperately searched Google and Reddit for a solution, and I discovered a new online tool: Adobe Podcast AI (And it’s free to edit up to 3 hours of audio per day!)

I crossed my fingers and uploaded my terrible audio recording. IT WORKED LIKE MAGIC.

The final result isn’t perfect, but it’s very tolerable (unlike the original). Here’s what the final podcast sounds like after Adobe AI sound enhancement: Axiom Alpha Podcast Episode 4

The Title of Every Nonfiction NYT Bestseller from 1969-2022

Whether you’re a marketer writing cold emails, a blogger writing articles, a Youtuber making videos, or an author writing books, you need a title that arouses emotion and curiosity so that someone actually opens your email, clicks on your video, or picks up your book. Fortunately, you don’t need to (and in fact shouldn’t) come up with a title through sheer brainstorming. Instead, steal a title pattern that has already been proven to work. For example, these are all titles of New York Times best-selling nonfiction books, but from different years:

Killing Lincoln
Killing Kennedy
Killing Jesus
Killing Patton
Killing Reagan
Killing the Rising Sun
Killing England
Killing the SS
Killing the Mob
Killing the Killers

It’s subtle, but there is a pattern to those 10 different titles that you’ll notice if you stare at them for long enough.

So, if you’re writing an article about the downfall of a country or group, or the death of a prominent figure, consider titling your article “Killing <name of country, group, or figure>”.

There are also other patterns though. Here is another set of example titles of real NYT best-sellers:

Give War a Chance
You Can Profit From A Monetary Crisis
Stupid White Men
White Fragility
I’m Glad My Mom Died
Becoming Sister Wives

If any of those felt a little triggering to you, that’s the point. They grab your attention by triggering you, and that’s effective.

There are many other best-selling title patterns as well. Find one that works for you by looking through the list below of every nonfiction New York Times best-selling book from 1969 to 2022.

Year	NYT Best-Selling Nonfiction Books
1969	– “The Money Game” – “The 900 Days” – “Jennie” – “The Peter Principle” – “The Selling of the President 1968”
1970	– “The Selling of the President 1968” – “Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)” – “Up the Organization” – “The Sensuous Woman” – “The Greening of America”
1971	– “Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Sex* (*But Were Afraid to Ask)” – “Civilization” – “The Greening of America” – “Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee” – “The Female Eunuch” – “Any woman can!” – “Honor Thy Father” – “Eleanor and Franklin”
1972	– “Eleanor and Franklin” – “The Game Of The Foxes” – “The Boys of Summer” – “I’m OK — You’re OK” – “O Jerusalem!”
1973	– “I’m OK — You’re OK” – “Harry S. Truman” – “The Best and the Brightest” – “Dr. Atkins’ Diet Revolution” – “The Joy of Sex” – “How to Be Your Own Best Friend” – “Alistair Cooke’s America”
1974	– “Alistair Cooke’s America” – “The Joy of Sex” – “How to Be Your Own Best Friend” – “Plain Speaking” – “You Can Profit From A Monetary Crisis” – “Times to Remember” – “All the President’s Men” – “All Things Bright and Beautiful”
1975	– “All Things Bright and Beautiful” – “The Bermuda Triangle” – “The Palace Guard” – “Breach of Faith” – “Sylvia Porter’s Money Book” – “Power!” – “Bring on the Empty Horses” – “The Relaxation Response”
1976	– “Bring on the Empty Horses” – “Winning Through Intimidation” – “Doris Day: Her Own Story” – “World of Our Fathers” – “The Final Days” – “Passages” – “Roots”
1977	– “Roots” – “Your Erroneous Zones” – “The Book of Lists” – “Looking Out for Number One” – “All Things Wise and Wonderful”
1978	– “All Things Wise and Wonderful” – “The Complete Book of Running” – “The Ends of Power” – “If Life is a Bowl of Cherries, What Am I Doing in the Pits?” – “Mommie Dearest”
1979	– “Mommie Dearest” – “Gnomes” – “Lauren Bacall by Myself” – “The Complete Scarsdale Medical Diet” – “Cruel Shoes” – “Aunt Erma’s Cope Book” – “The Brethren”
1980	– “Aunt Erma’s Cope Book” – “The Brethren” – “Donahue” – “Free to Choose” – “Men in Love” – “Thy Neighbor’s Wife” – “Shelley: Also known as Shirley” – “Crisis Investing” – “Cosmos”
1981	– “Cosmos” – “Crisis Investing” – “Never-Say-Diet Book” – “The Lord God Made Them All” – “The Beverly Hills Diet” – “A Light in the Attic”
1982	– “A Light in the Attic” – “A Few Minutes With Andy Rooney” – “Jane Fonda’s Workout Book” – “Living Loving and Learning” – “Life Extension” – “And More by Andy Rooney”
1983	– “And More by Andy Rooney” – “Jane’s Fonda Workout Book” – “Megatrends” – “In Search of Excellence” – “Motherhood: The Second Oldest Profession”
1984	– “Motherhood: the Second Oldest Profession” – “In Search of Excellence” – “Mayor” – “First Lady from Plains” – “Wired: The Short Life and Fast Times of John Belushi” – “The Kennedys: an American Drama” – “Loving Each Other” – “Iacocca: An Autobiography”
1985	– “Iacocca: An Autobiography” – “A Passion for Excellence” – “Yeager: An Autobiography” – “Elvis and Me”
1986	– “Iacocca: An Autobiography” – “Yeager: An Autobiography” – “Bus 9 to Paradise” – “You’re Only Old Once!” – “The Triumph of Politics” – “Fatherhood” – “His Way” – “A Day in the Life of America”
1987	– “Fatherhood” – “A Season of the Brink” – “Communion” – “The Closing of the American Mind” – “Spycatcher” – “Veil” – “The Great Depression of 1990” – “Free to Be… a Family” – “Time Flies”
1988	– “Time Flies” – “Trump: The Art of the Deal” – “Love, Medicine, and Miracles” – “Moonwalk” – “For The Record” – “A Brief History of Time” – “Talking Straight” – “The Last Lion” – “Gracie”
1989	– “All I Really Need to Know I Learned in Kindergarten” – “Blind Faith” – “A Woman Named Jackie” – “Summer of ’49” – “It’s Always Something” – “My Turn”
1990	– “It Was On Fire When I Lay Down On It” – “Liar’s Poker” – “Megatrends 2000” – “Barbarians at the Gate” – “Means of Ascent” – “Men at Work” – “Trump: Surviving at the Top” – “Darkness Visible” – “Millie’s Book” – “By Way of Deception” – “The Civil War” – “A Life on the Road”
1991	– “A Life on the Road” – “Iron John” – “The Prize” – “And the Sea Will Tell” – “You’ll Never Eat Lunch in This Town Again” – “Nancy Reagan” – “The Commanders” – “Chutzpah” – “Parliament of Whores” – “When You Look Like Your Passport Photo, It’s Time to Go Home” – “Uh-Oh” – “Me: Stories of My Life” – “Den of Thieves” – “Under Fire”
1992	– “Me: Stories of My Life” – “Den of Thieves” – “Revolution from Within” – “Give War a Chance” – “The Silent Passage” – “Diana: Her True Story” – “Every Living Thing” – “The Way Things Ought to Be” – “Sex”
1993	– “The Way Things Ought to Be” – “Healing and the Mind” – “Women Who Run with the Wolves” – “Days of Grace” – “Embraced by the Light” – “Seinlanguage” – “Private Parts” – “See, I Told You So”
1994	– “See, I Told You So” – “The Book of Virtues” – “Embraced by the Light” – “The Agenda” – “Couplehood” – “Barbara Bush: A Memoir” – “Don’t Stand Too Close to a Naked Man” – “Nicole Brown Simpson” – “Crossing the Threshold of Hope”
1995	– “Don’t Stand Too Close to a Naked Man” – “Crossing the Threshold of Hope” – “The Hot Zone” – “I Want to Tell You” – “Breaking the Surface” – “In Retrospect” – “A Good Walk Spoiled” – “New Passages” – “To Renew America” – “My Point… and I Do Have One” – “My American Journey” – “Miss America” – “The Road Ahead”
1996	– “The Road Ahead” – “It Takes a Village” – “Rush Limbaugh Is a Big Fat Idiot” – “Blood Sport” – “In Contempt” – “Bad as I Wanna Be” – “Outrage” – “The Dilbert Principle” – “Unlimited Access” – “American Tragedy” – “The Soul’s Code” – “My Sergei” – “Angela’s Ashes” – “A Reporter’s Life”
1997	– “A Reporter’s Life” – “Angela’s Ashes” – “Personal History” – “Murder in Brentwood” – “Underboss” – “Mothers & Daughters” – “Without a Doubt” – “Into Thin Air” – “Just as I Am” – “The Royals” – “Diana: Her True Story – In Her Own Words” – “Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil”
1998	– “Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil” – “Talking to Heaven” – “Tuesdays with Morrie” – “The Millionaire Next Door” – “We Are Our Mothers’ Daughters” – “A Pirate Looks at Fifty” – “The Day Diana Died” – “The Death of Outrage” – “The Century” – “The Greatest Generation”
1999	– “The Greatest Generation” – “Monica’s Story” – “All Too Human” – “Every Man a Tiger” – “Shadow” – “Tuesdays with Morrie” – “Tis” – “Have a Nice Day!”
2000	– “Tuesdays with Morrie” – “The Rock Says” – “Flags of Our Fathers” – “The Day John Died” – “Life on the Other Side” – “It’s Not about the Bike” – “Nothing Like It in the World” – “The Beatles Anthology” – “The O’Reilly Factor”
2001	– “The O’Reilly Factor” – “An Hour Before Daylight” – “Ice Bound” – “Longaberger” – “Seabiscuit” – “Napalm & Silly Putty” – “Foley Is Good” – “John Adams” – “The Wild Blue” – “Jack: Straight from the Gut” – “Germs” – “The No Spin Zone” – “One Nation”
2002	– “The No Spin Zone” – “John Adams” – “Bias” – “Shadow Warriors” – “Stupid White Men” – “Lucky Man” – “Master of the Senate” – “American Son” – “A Mind at a Time” – “The Right Words at the Right Time” – “You Cannot Be Serious” – “Slander” – “Let’s Roll!” – “Leadership” – “Journals” – “Portrait of a Killer” – “Bush at War”
2003	– “Bush at War” – “Portrait of a Killer” – “The Savage Nation” – “What Should I Do with My Life?” – “Stupid White Men” – “Devil in the White City” – “Leap of Faith” – “An Unfinished Life” – “Living History” – “Kate Remembered” – “Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them” – “Who’s Looking Out for You?” – “Dude, Where’s My Country?” – “A Royal Duty” – “I Am a Soldier Too”
2004	– “Who’s Looking Out For You?” – “Lies and the Lying Liars Who Tell Them” – “My Prison Without Bars” – “The Price of Loyalty” – “Deliver Us from Evil” – “Against All Enemies” – “Plan of Attack” – “Eats, Shoots & Leaves” – “Dress Your Family in Corduroy and Denim” – “Big Russ and Me” – “My Life” – “American Soldier” – “Unfit for Command” – “The Family” – “America: The Book”
2005	– “America: The Book” – “Witness” – “Blink” – “Juiced” – “Blood Brother” – “A Deadly Game” – “My Life So Far” – “The World Is Flat” – “On Bullshit” – “1776” – “The FairTax Book” – “The City of Falling Angels” – “The Truth (with jokes)” – “Our Endangered Values” – “Teacher Man”
2006	– “Teacher Man” – “Team of Rivals” – “Our Endangered Values” – “My Friend Leonard” – “For Laci” – “Marley & Me” – “Don’t Make a Black Woman Take off Her Earrings” – “Dispatches from the Edge” – “Godless: The Church of Liberalism” – “Wisdom of Our Fathers” – “Fiasco” – “I Feel Bad About My Neck” – “Culture Warrior” – “State of Denial” – “The Innocent Man” – “The Audacity of Hope”
2007	– “The Audacity of Hope” – “In an Instant” – “A Long Way Gone” – “Einstein” – “At the Center of the Storm” – “God Is Not Great” – “The Assault on Reason” – “The Reagan Diaries” – “The Diana Chronicles” – “Lone Survivor” – “Quiet Strength” – “It’s All About Him” – “You Can Run But You Can’t Hide” – “Wonderful Tonight” – “Giving: How Each of Us Can Change the World” – “Power to the People” – “The Age of Turbulence” – “My Grandfather’s Son” – “I Am America (And So Can You!)” – “An Inconvenient Book”
2008	– “I Am America (And So Can You!)” – “In Defense of Food” – “Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography” – “Liberal Fascism” – “Losing It” – “Beautiful Boy” – “Mistaken Identity” – “Home” – “Are You There, Vodka? It’s Me, Chelsea” – “The Revolution: A Manifesto” – “Audition: A Memoir” – “What Happened” – “When You Are Engulfed in Flames” – “The Obama Nation: Leftist Politics and the Cult of Personality” – “sTORI Telling” – Hot, Flat, and Crowded” – “Against Medical Advice: A True Story” – “Too Fat to Fish” – “Things That Matter” – “Outliers”
2009	– “Outliers” – “The Yankee Years” – “Liberty and Tyranny” – “Resilience” – “Catastrophe” – “Unmasked” – “Culture of Corruption” – “Official Book Club Selection” – “True Compass” – “Arguing with Idiots” – “Have a Little Faith” – “The Book of Basketball” – “Open” – “Going Rogue”
2010	– “Going Rogue” – “Have a Little Faith” – “Committed” – “Game Change” – “No Apology” – “Chelsea Chelsea Bang Bang” – “The Big Short” – “Oprah: A Biography” – “Spoken from the Heart” – “Shit My Dad Says” – “Crimes Against Liberty” – “The Grand Design” – “Earth (The Book)” – “Obama’s Wars” – “Life” – “Decision Points”
2011	– “Decision Points” – “Unbroken” – “Known and Unknown” – “The Social Animal” – “Red” – “Onward” – “Bossypants” – “Lies That Chelsea Handler Told Me” – “In the Garden of Beasts” – “Those Guys Have All the Fun” – “The Greater Journey” – “A Stolen Life” – “In My Time” – “Jacqueline Kennedy” – “Killing Lincoln” – “Steve Jobs”
2012	– “Steve Jobs” – “Heaven Is for Real” – “Ameritopia” – “Once Upon a Secret” – “The Vow” – “Imagine” – “The Big Miss” – “Drift” – “A Night to Remember” – “Let’s Pretend This Never Happened” – “Lots of Candles, Plenty of Cake” – “The Passage of Power” – “Amateur” – “Becoming Sister Wives” – “Wild” – “Unbroken” – “Paterno” – “The Glass Castle” – “No Easy Day” – “Killing Kennedy” – “Proof of Heaven”
2013	– “Proof of Heaven” – “American Sniper” – “America the Beautiful” – “Lean In” – “Let’s Explore Diabetes With Owls” – “Control” – “Happy, Happy, Happy” – “The Guns at Last Light” – “Eleven Rings” – “The Dog Lived (and So Will I)” – “This Town” – “Zealot” – “The Liberty Amendments” – “Si-cology 1” – “Killing Jesus” – “Things That Matter”
2014	– “Things That Matter” – “Lone Survivor” – “Duty” – “The Monuments Men” – “Twelve Years a Slave” – “Thrive” – “Flash Boys” – “Heaven Is for Real” – “Finding Me” – “Capital in the Twenty-First Century” – “One Nation” – “I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings” – “Hard Choices” – “Blood Feud” – “Unbroken” – “What If?” – “13 Hours” – “Killing Patton” – “Yes Please” – “41”
2015	– “Unbroken” – “American Sniper” – “Dead Wake” – “Becoming Steve Jobs” – “The Residence” – “The Road to Character” – “And the Good News Is…” – “Hope” – “The Wright Brothers” – “Down the Rabbit Hole” – “Between the World and Me” – “Plunder and Deceit” – “It Is About Islam” – “A Walk in the Woods” – “Why Not Me?” – “Killing Reagan” – “Humans of New York: Stories” – “Troublemaker”
2016	– “Killing Reagan” – “Not My Father’s Son: A Memoir” – “Between the World and Me” – “When Breath Becomes Air” – “The Rainbow Comes and Goes” – “Hamilton: The Revolution” – “The Gene: An Intimate History” – “Bill O’Relly’s Legends and Lies: The Patriots” – “Alexander Hamilton” – “Crisis of Character” – “It Gets Worse: A Collection of Essays” – “Hillary’s America” – “Hillbilly Elegy” – “The Girl with the Lower Back Tattoo” – “Love Warrior” – “Killing the Rising Sun” – “Born to Run” – “The Magnolia Story” – “Settle for More”
2017	– “Killing the Rising Sun” – “The Princess Diarist” – “Hillbilly Elegy” – “Hidden Figures” – “Portraits of Courage” – “How to Be a Bawse: A Guide to Conquering Life” – “The Zookeeper’s Wife” – “Old School: Life in the Sane Lane” – “Shattered” – “Option B” – “Astrophysics for People in a Hurry” – “AI Franken, Giant of the Senate” – “I Can’t Make This Up” – “Understanding Trump” – “Rediscovering Americanism” – “Devil’s Bargain” – “The Glass Castle” – “What Happened” – “Killing England” – “Grant” – Leonardo Da Vinci” – “Sisters First” – “Obama: An Intimate Portrait”
2018	– “Grant” – “Astrophysics for People in a Hurry” – “Fire and Fury” – “Educated” – “I’ll Be Gone in the Dark” – “Russian Roulette” – “Secret Empires” – “This Is Me” – “Killers of the Flower Moon” – “Fascism: A Warning” – “A Higher Loyalty” – “The Soul of America” – “How to Change Your Mind” – “The Restless Wave” – “Calypso” – “Kitchen Confidential” – “Things That Matter” – “Liars, Leakers and Liberals” – “The Russia Hoax” – “Everything Trump Touches Dies” – “Unhinged” – “Sapiens” – “Fear: Trump in the White House” – “Ship of Fools” – “Killing the SS” – “Beastie Boys Book” – “Becoming”
2019	– “Becoming” – “The Threat” – “The Right Side of History” – “Life Will Be the Death of Me” – “The Mueller Report” – “The Pioneers” – “Howard Stern Comes Again” – “Unfreedom of the Press” – “Educated” – “Three Women” – “Call Sign Chaos” – “Talking to Strangers” – “Inside out” – “Blowout” – “Me” – “The Beautiful Ones” – “Triggered” – “A Warning” – “Crime in Progress”
2020	– “Educated” – “Just Mercy” – “A Very Stable Genius” – “Profiles in Corruption” – “Open Book” – “The Mamba Mentality” – “The Splendid and the Vile” – “Untamed” – “Hidden Valley Road” – “White Fragility” – “How to Be an Antiracist” – “The Room Where It Happened” – “Too Much and Never Enough” – “Live Free or Die” – “His Truth Is Marching On” – “Melania and Me” – “Disloyal” – “Rage” – “The Meaning of Mariah Carey” – “Humans” – “Caste” – “Greenlights” – “Clanlands” – “A Promised Land”
2021	– “A Promised Land” – “Just as I Am” – “Think Again” – “Walk in My Combat Boots” – “How to Avoid a Climate Disaster” – “The Code Breaker” – “This Is the Fire” – “Broken Horses” – “On the House” – “Out of Many, One” – “What Happened to You?” – “Killing the Mob” – “The Anthropocene Reviewed” – “How the Word is Passed” – “The Body Keeps the Socre” – “Nightmare Scenario” – “How I Saved the World” – “American Marxism” – “I Alone Can Fix It” – “The Afghanistan Papers” – “Peril” – “The Storyteller” – “Midnight in Washington” – “Not All Diamonds and Rosé” – “Going There” – “The Lyrics: 1956 to the Present” – “Will” – “The 1619 Project”
2022	– “The 1619 Project” – “The Storyteller” – “Unthinkable” – “The Body Keeps the Score” – “Enough Already” – “Red-Handed” – “From Strength to Strength” – “One Damn Thing After Another” – “Bittersweet” – “Freezing Order” – “Finding Me” – “Killing the Killers” – “The Office BFFs” – “Here’s the Deal” – “Happy-Go-Lucky” – “James Patterson” – “Battle for the American Mind” – “Tanqueray” – “I’m Glad My Mom Died” – “Confidence Man” – “Beyond the Wand” – “Radio’s Greatest of All Time” – “Friends, Lovers, and the Big Terrible Thing” – “The Light We Carry”

Immigrants’ Share of the U.S. Labor Force is the Highest in 27 Years

In 2022, people born outside the U.S. made up 18.1% of America’s labor force, which is the highest percentage in any year since 1996.

In fact, more than half of the 3.1 million people who joined the U.S. labor force last year were immigrants.

As a reminder, the labor force is defined as the number of U.S. residents age 16 and older who ARE NOT:

Serving active duty in the military,
In prison, jail, or another correctional institution, or
Living in a nursing home

And ARE either:

Employed, or
Making at least one active attempt to find a job each month.

What’s Happening to American Workers?

From 2019 to 2022, the U.S. immigrant labor force grew 5%, but the native-born labor force declined 0.5%.

Part of the reason is demographics–Americans just aren’t having enough babies. In fact, over the last 50 years, there have only been 2 years (2006 and 2007) when the U.S. birth rate exceeded the replacement rate of 2.1 births per woman, which means there simply aren’t as many young native-born Americans looking for jobs as you might expect from a country with a population of 334 million.

In contrast, between July 1, 2021 and July 1, 2022, net international migration added more than one million people to the U.S. population. That means while the native-born American population shrunk from 2021-2022, the foreign-born American population grew more than 2%.

But demographics isn’t the whole story. There’s also a stark difference in willingness to work.

In 2022, the labor force participation rate of native-born Americans was 61.5% versus 65.9% for foreign-born residents.

Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate	2021	2022
Foreign-Born U.S. Residents (Legal & Illegal)	64.7%	65.9%
Native Born Americans	61.0%	61.5%

And if we look at men in particular, the difference is even larger: 66% labor force participation for native-born Americans versus 77.4% for foreign-born residents.

Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate (Men)	2021	2022
Foreign-Born	76.8%	77.4%
Native Born	65.8%	66.0%

Immigrant Work Statistics

Roughly half of immigrant workers are Hispanic, and roughly a quarter are Asian (including Indian, Korean, Chinese, and Japanese).

Immigrants tend to work in lower-paying jobs, but there are notable exceptions to that in the tech industry, and in fact foreigners have made significant strides into white collar work recently.

Recent Posts