A registered agent is a person or company who is responsible for accepting official legal documents on behalf of a company. Every LLC is required by state law to have a registered agent with an office in the same state as the LLC is officially filed with. If you file to create your LLC in Delaware for example, then your LLC must have a registered agent in Delaware. If you additionally file a “foreign authorization” for your LLC to operate in another state, then your LLC must have another registered agent in that other state. So can an LLC have two registered agents?
An LLC can only have a single registered agent within a given state, and the name & address of that registered agent must be filed with that state. However, if an LLC operates in multiple states or operates in a different state than it is legally formed within, then the LLC must have a registered agent in each of those states.
However, within a single state, it is totally possible (and even recommended) for an LLC to hire a company rather than an individual to act as its registered agent and for that registered agent company to have two or more employees.
Your registered agent serves a very sensitive role for your company. A negligent registered agent can literally cost you thousands or even millions of dollars if someone files suit against your company, and your registered agent fails to notify you before a court passes default judgment. This is one of the reasons why it’s recommended to hire a company with multiple employees (i.e. so that if one person is sick or traveling, there is still someone there to forward any important legal correspondence to you immediately).
Unfortunately, most online registered agents are just people looking for easy money who use the same documents in every state even though different states actually have slightly different legal requirements. That can cause serious issues if your company is ever actually sued. Many will also try to upsell you on things like a “virtual office” and “mail forwarding” without making it clear that they are already legally obligated to forward any legal papers for your company. The virtual office is then just essentially an overpriced PO box for non-legal business mail, and it is probably not necessary for your company to purchase such services.
Meaning of “Organic Law”, “Organic Rules” & Similar Terms in FL Business Law
What does “organic law” mean in the context of Florida business law?
Per Florida statute 607.01401(53), “organic law” means the laws of the jurisdiction in which a business entity was formed.
What does “private organic rules” mean in the context of Florida business law?
Per Florida statute 607.01401(58), “private organic rules” means the rules, whether or not in a record, which govern the internal affairs of a business entity, are binding on all its interest holders, and are not part of its public organic record, if any. If the private organic rules are amended or restated, the term means the private organic rules as last amended or restated. The term includes:
(a) The bylaws of a corporation for profit;
(b) The bylaws of a nonprofit corporation;
(c) The partnership agreement of a general partnership;
(d) The partnership agreement of a limited partnership;
(e) The operating agreement, limited liability company agreement, or similar agreement of a limited liability company;
(f) The bylaws, trust instrument, or similar rules of a real estate investment trust; and
(g) The trust instrument of a statutory trust or similar rules of a business trust or common law business trust.
What does “public organic record” mean in the context of Florida business law?
Per Florida statute 607.01401(61), “public organic record” means a record, the filing of which by a governmental body is required to form an entity, and an amendment to or restatement of such record. Where a public organic record has been amended or restated, the term means the public organic record as last amended or restated. The term includes the following:
(a) The articles of incorporation of a corporation for profit;
(b) The articles of incorporation of a nonprofit corporation;
(c) The certificate of limited partnership of a limited partnership;
(d) The articles of organization, certificate of organization, or certificate of formation of a limited liability company;
(e) The articles of incorporation of a general cooperative association or a limited cooperative association;
(f) The certificate of trust of a statutory trust or similar record of a business trust; or
(g) The articles of incorporation of a real estate investment trust.
What does “organic rules” mean in the context of Florida business law?
Per Florida statute 607.01401(54), “organic rules” means the public organic record and private organic rules of an entity.
60 TikTok Songs Over 2 Minutes for Content Creators
Finding the right song or background music for any TikTok video longer than 2 minutes can be a struggle, so I’ve compiled a list of 60 songs that are 2 minutes or longer. There are a large variety of different types of songs and instrumental music ranging from classical to EDM to pop to cinematic.
1. “Say So (Instrumental Version)”
By Elliot Van Coup, this sound is 3:55 in length. It’s a chill electronic punk-ish song with a regular beat that is neither slow nor especially fast. It’s a bit repetitive but works well for background music in longer TikTok videos where there is either someone talking or a lot of visual content so that the song isn’t the primary focus.
2. “State Lines”
This sound by Novo Amor is 3:28 in length. It’s not instrumental, but it is very gentle and relaxing.
3. “BARELY BREATHING”
This song by Grant Averill is 3:39 in length. It’s a pretty standard pop-style song (not instrumental).
4. “Ain’t No Mountain High Enough”
This classic song by Marvin Gaye and Tammi Terrell is 2:26 in length. It’s a somewhat difficult song to ignore so isn’t the best for videos where someone will be doing a lot of talking. However, it might work well with mostly visual montages, perhaps with some captions added.
5. “Lo-fi hip hop”
This purely instrumental sound by NAO-K is 3:09 in length and is perfect for almost any sort of use. It’s quite smooth and so can serve equally well as background while someone is talking or as the only sound in a video with a lot of engaging visual content.
6. “Chopin Nocturne No. 2 Piano Mono”
This purely instrumental piano piece by moshimo sound design is 4:06 in length and is usable by almost any type of video with a peaceful / relaxing vibe.
7. “SUN GOES DOWN”
This sound by Andreas Roehrig is 2:35 in length. It’s pretty high quality with a familiar tune. It isn’t quite instrumental as “oo”, “whooo”, and “when the sun goes down” are hummed a few times throughout the duration. However, the “when the sun goes down” phrase only occurs in the second part of the song, so this could be a perfect sound clip for a video which starts off with around a minute or so of talking, followed by lots of visual content and no talking.
8. “祖国, 祝福你”
Make sure you copy the above title without including the double quotes on either side when you search for it. The sound is by 张恰飞 (again, make sure you copy it correctly to search) and is 4:49 in length. The song is actually pretty great. It’s a punk rockish style but with a theremins instrument. After the intro, there are Chinese lyrics.
9. “Rock and Roll(1019397)”
This purely instrumental song by milk is 2:31 in length and is full of classic rock-and-roll style sounds that make you feel like fast-pacing dancing, 80s style.
10. “8bit”
This song by BLVKSHP is 2:00 in length. I really like the non-repetitiveness of this engaging, high-energy sound. It mixes 8 bit sounds with some more unusual and mainstream sounds. This sound would be good for pretty much any high-energy video with or without talking. Do note that there is another sound on TikTok with the same exact title and author which is only 1:00 long, so don’t select that one accidentally.
11. “IamU (Instrumental)”
This song by BLVKSHP is 4:08 in length and is upbeat but not exceptionally high energy. It is mostly instrumental but does have some highly distorted human voice sounds which probably make the video better for videos with some talking but not too much talking. For example, it would work great for a travel video where you speak from time-to-time but are silent most of the time while a highly visual montage plays.
12. “Hip Hop with impressive piano”
This purely instrumental sound by Dusty Sky is 3:02 in length. The song really seems more lo-fi than hip hop and is just repetitive enough that it’s usable as background music but would not work well in a video without talking.
13. “Stylish Jazz HipHop”
This sound by Future Oriented Triad is 3:10 in length. It’s pretty standard lo fi (despite the name) and is usable as background music, but isn’t purely instrumental as there is a bit of distant distorted voice in the beginning.
14. “Can’t Help Falling in Love”
This song by Haley Reinhart is 2:53 in length. The song is slow and romantic with clear crisp lyrics (so not at all instrumental). It would be good for videos with no talking which are themed around romance, nature, or love (e.g. animal love, pet love, human love, anything love).
15. “Le Calin”
This song by Remix is 2:52 in length. It has some foreign words in the background but has a very gentle repetitive vibe and so is very usable as background even for videos with talking.
16. “Tell Me Why I’m Waiting”
This song by Timmies/Shiloh is 2:03 in length. It’s not instrumental and has a very slow chill vibe.
17. “love nwantinti (ah ah ah)”
This song by CKay is 2:25 in length and has a familiar tune with foreign lyrics.
18. “Get You The Moon”
This song by Kina is 2:59 in length. It’s a slow-paced, somewhat beautiful but melancholy vibe, with romantic lyrics that are easy to ignore.
19. “Luxury fashion (no vocals)”
This instrumental sound by TimTaj is 2:16 in length and sounds exactly like what the title says.
20. “dance(256762)”
This instrumental song by TimTaj is 2:20 in length and is pretty generic upbeat dance music. It has no particularly heavy bass or other tones which would be distracting so this is perfect for background music in a video with some talking.
21. “Super Mario”
This catchy beat rap by Pz is 2:45 in length. It wouldn’t work in a video with talking.
22. “Super Mario”
This isn’t a typo–it’s a 3:02 song that is quite different from the song above with the same name. This song is also rap but incorporates more sounds from the actual super Mario game. On low volume, the lyrics are also potentially ignorable enough for someone to be speaking over them in a video.
23. “Suspense”
This purely instrumental song by Stefan Kristinkov is 2:41 in length. It has a dark and moderately suspenseful tone.
24. “#TheSplashDance”
This song by Splash is 3:24 in length. It’s pretty upbeat and is definitely not instrumental. It’s good for long high-energy videos.
25. “I Got All Night (Instrumental)”
This song by BLVKSHP is 4:04 in length. It’s a medium-high energy pop/edm/dance-style mix which is purely instrumental.
26. “On The Dance Floor (Instrumental)”
This purely instrumental song by BLVKSHP is 3:23 in length. It starts off quite slow and gradually builds to a basic dance mix. The dance mix is pretty standard but works well to keep background energy in a long video. It also escalates periodically which keeps it from becoming too boring as background music.
27. “Cinematic”
This song by H is 2:31 long. It’s slow-paced with eerie tones and distant creepy chanting.
28. “SPACE”
This 3:52 song by Turreekk is purely instrumental with a variety of interesting DJ and rap-style sounds but without any actual rapping. I like it, but it does get a bit repetitive over time so it likely wouldn’t be great for long videos without talking.
29. “When I Look at You (Instrumental)”
This song by BLVKSHP is 3:07 in length. It’s purely instrumental and pretty generically upbeat.
30. “SPACE”
This is a 2:45 song by Jeffery Keith (different than the other “SPACE” song mentioned before). It’s a pretty generic sound but could work as a background for some types of videos.
31. “MAYBE SOMEDAY (INSTRUMENTAL)”
This song by Shovel to the Moon is 3:04 in length. It’s purely instrumental and has energy, although its energy is more of a calm awake energy than a hectic upbeat energy, despite being a pop-ish tune.
32. “Immortal Beloved (Instrumental)”
This purely instrumental song by BLVKSHP is 2:56, and I like it. It starts off with some cool sounds and then builds up to some higher energy, more awesome-sounding stuff. This song has the ability to accompany almost any type of video, with or without talking (unless the video is supposed to be sad — this song would not be good for that).
33. “regret.”
This song by CooLi is 2:50 in length. It sounds similar to slow lo-fi, but with foreign rapping.
34. “I Wanna Know You (Instrumental)”
This purely instrumental song by BLVKSHP is 2:51 and stands out from most of the instrumental songs on this list in that it is more dynamic and less likely to let your viewer get bored. It has more variation than many long instrumental background sounds do.
35. “Depressed”
This purely instrumental song by 姚俊豪 is 2:40 in length. The song is medium-low energy in the beginning but picks up a bit more energy further in.
36. “Similar Sensation (Instrumental)”
This purely instrumental song by BLVKSHP is 2:36 and has a gentle slow-paced vibe.
37. “Magical (Instrumental)”
I like this one. It starts off different from many instrumentals. It has some character and shows it. It’s by BLVKSHP and is 2:29 long.
38. “Emotional (Instrumental)”
This is a slow-paced background piece. It’s 2:12 long and by BLVKSHP.
39. “Music In Your Heart (Instrumental)”
You feel like a child’s voice should start saying something serious in a movie where something sad has happened when this song starts. It’s by BLVKSHP and it’s 2:12 long.
40. “Nature Sound – The Meditation”
This sound by Red Blue Studio is 9:41 long. It has gentle tones overlaying running water and wind chimes in the distance. It is very peaceful and would be great for a 3 minute guided meditation video.
41. “Healing Water – The Meditation”
This sound by Red Blue Studio is 7:30 long. It has similar sorts of sounds to the song listed above but is different.
42. “MEDITATION”
This purely instrumental song by Bryan Wilson is 4:17 long. It is beautiful, entrancing cello music.
43. “午后时光 (午后)”
This instrumental piano song by 杨盛杰 (金刚熊猫) is 3:38 in length. It’s slow-paced and beautiful.
44. “Violin(828579)”
This instrumental song by RK Sound is 3:03 in length. It starts off with piano but then adds in violin. It’s slow-paced but nicely done. It gradually picks up some energy.
45. “明天”
This 4:54 song by 杨茂_GUITAR is a beautiful acoustic guitar piece with some gentle foreign lyrics in a satisfying male voice which, partway in, suddenly amps up in energy to much louder singing and higher energy electric guitar.
46. “KILIMANJARO (SOUNDTRACK)”
This piece by OTIN is 4:13 in length and starts off with African sounds and African voices which evolve into also having more modern sounds. It’s pretty satisfying and well-done. It definitely would be a cool song to use with certain types of videos.
47. “Fantastic Soundtrack”
This song by ISAo is 2:04 in length. It is good background music for some types of videos but would probably not be good in a video without talking.
48. “R movie”
This 2:37 song by 干明枫 is a cool-sounding foreign rap song.
49. “EDM(874496)”
This 4:15 song by Sound_ken is standard electronic dance music.
50. “EDM”
This 3:35 song by New Air is also pretty standard EDM.
51. “EDM(848990)”
This 2:48 song by Henna Yamadeth is another standard EDM track.
52. “EDM”
This 2:37 song by 绪尘 is, in my opinion, better EDM than options 49-51 as long as your video is less than 2:37 in length.
53. “EDM(959559)”
This 2:12 song by Na Music is more retro-style EDM than the previously mentioned options.
54. “Gospel-style acoustic ballad(893171)”
This 4:09 song by 2strings is country-style acoustic music.
55. “GOSPEL”
This 3:47 song by Cavendish is the instrumental portion of exactly what you’d expect from a gospel-style song.
56. “Bird (Instrumental)”
This 3:18 song by BLVKSHP is not bird sounds but rather a sort of generic light background instrumental mix that would work well as background music for many types of vlog style videos.
57. “DJ Snake-Loco Contigo”
This 3:07 song by SUNNY would work well for many types of moderately upbeat videos.
58. “Climax”
This is a very fast-paced 2:58 song by Bug House.
59. “MEN”
This 3:28 song by KOCHAM is a foreign rap song.
60. “BAD”
This 2:25 song by The Writer House is a full English song.
Top 4 Government Sources for Free Economic & Financial Data
Finding free data can be difficult so here is a list of 4 high-quality government data sources along with a huge number of links to specific datasets and APIs that you can access for free (summarized in the table below).
The BLS lists additional information (including raw data, explanations of data indexes, news releases, various data query methods, & more) on this page.
The BLS also provides two data APIs that can be used to access most BLS data, including the retrieval of historical timeseries in JSON data-interchange or XLSX format
NOTE: It is important to note that FRED doesn’t necessarily make any attempt to adjust data to compensate for changing standards. For example, the Consumer Credit Data seems to suggest that consumers doubled their debt in March 2010, but the actual reason for the sudden jump was a significant change in reporting standards.
The U.S. government data portal has over 337,000 datasets available to the public on a huge variety of subjects (although the site is not the best designed and can sometimes be frustrating to use).
How Kazakhstan Riots Led to a 13% Bitcoin Hash Rate Drop
In 2021, China banned Bitcoin mining. Prior to that, over 50% of the Bitcoin mining power was located in China.
After the Chinese crackdown, many miners relocated to other countries, including both the U.S. and one of China’s large immediate neighbors: Kazahkstan. Displaced Chinese miners were attracted to Kazakhstan both for its geographical convenience as well as its cheap electricity cost (about half of the cost of electricity in the United States).
Now fast forward to last weekend. The Kazakh government removed a price cap on liquified petroleum gas (the most common fuel used by vehicles in Kazakhstan), which led to an overnight doubling of price from the artificially low level of the price cap. This surge in price caused rioting on Sunday which has quickly escalated in days since. In response, the Kazakh president, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, reinstated the price cap on fuel and expanded it to also cover utilities and other basic goods, but this was not enough to quell the riots which had now broadened into complaints over general government corruption.
On Wednesday, January 5th, the president accepted the resignation of the government Cabinet. However, before that upper echelon of government left, they ordered a government controlled telecoms company to essentially shut down the entire Kazakh internet. This internet shutdown has stranded many of the Bitcoin miners who moved to Kazakhstan from China last year and has led the overall Bitcoin network hash rate to drop by over 13% this week.
As reported by Bloomberg, Omicron has stressed grocery stores’ food supply chains in two ways. First, the increased virulence of omicron over previous covid strains has led food distributors such as SpartanNash Co. to see a tripling of workers out due to sickness when compared with just a few months ago. The shortage of available labor has also made it difficult for such companies to continue operating at the same capacity. Second, renewed fears of the virus have led many consumers to purchase more food during grocery trips, thus straining demand at the same time as supply is crunched.
2. GameStop Stock Soars 30% After-Hours on Rumored NFT Plans
Gamestop’s stock soared over 30% in after-hours trading today on reported news that it is building an NFT marketplace that will focus on gaming NFTs which represent in-game assets such as avatar outfits and weapons. The company has apparently already hired more than 20 people to work in the new division and is creating partnerships with two crypto companies to co-invest in blockchain games and other NFT technology. Find more info on Yahoo Finance and the Wall Street Journal.
3. Chinese National Pleads Guilty to Stealing U.S. Trade Secrets
Xiang Haitao, a Chinese national who was employed by Monsanto and a subsidiary from 2008 to 2017, pleaded guilty today in U.S. federal court to the charge of conspiracy to commit economic espionage for the benefit of the Chinese government. Xiang was found in possession of copies of a proprietary prediction algorithm used by Monsanto. He now faces a maximum penalty of 15 years in prison. Read the full story on Reuters.
